Haut Armagnac, to the east of the Tenareze and Bas Armagnac, is predominantly chalky -- and although it is chalk content which determines the finest cognacs, here the brandy is of a harsher type and never appears on the market, except as a basis for liqueurs, an important part of the Armagnac business.

The first and last parts of a distillation which contain too many impurities and are separated off from the heart of the distillation.

Metric area unit equal to 2.47 acres.

Metric volume unit equal to 100 litres or roughly 22 imperial gallons.

An English term referring to the white wines of the Rhine region of Germany.

A climbing plant used in brewing beer to contribute flavour, aroma and bitterness. They also help to clarify the brew.

Breeding of grapes between species ie. vinifera/labrusca. The most well-known are the French/American hybrids, a few of which include: Chelios, Verdelet, and Marechal Foch.

A calibrated instrument used for measuring the density of various fluids. Used mainly in the beverage alcohol industry for the determination of sugar and alcohol contents. It usually consists of a weighted bulb having a calibrated stem from which the density of the liquid may be read and the sugar and alcohol content then calculated.